Pope John XXIII and a Christian's Unfinished Business

By Don Clemmer

When Pope Francis approved the canonization of Pope John XXIII, one reason given was that he is already universally proclaimed a saint around the world. Canonization is one way the Church says "this is a Christian life well lived and worth imitating." John XXIII offered much in that department: joy, humility, simplicity, patience, creativity and confidence, among other virtues.

The life of Angelo Roncalli also bears another hallmark of life: unfinished business. For much of his ministry, Father, then Archbishop, then Cardinal, then Pope Roncalli repeated several steps:

• Step 1: He would receive a difficult new assignment, often in a place very far away.
• Step 2: He won people over with the holiness of his witness, hard work, and personal charm.
• Step 3: Just as things are starting to hum along nicely, he'd get another new assignment.

Examples abound:

• As a young priest in the Diocese of Bergamo, Father Roncalli was happily enmeshed in the life of his diocese when the letter came in 1920 that Pope Benedict XV was calling him to Rome to be the director of the Society of the Propagation of the Faith in Italy. This was a surprising assignment that called the young priest away from his home diocese and brought him, for the first time, into the Vatican's orbit.
• Five years later, Roncalli's life abruptly changed again when he appointed the first apostolic delegate to Bulgaria. While this meant he would be consecrated a bishop (which he was on March 19, 1925), it also meant he would leave a comfortable life in Rome for a strange new land fraught with political conflict and a divided Christian community of Bulgarian Orthodox, Byzantine and Roman Catholics, with the Catholics comprising a scattered minority. Archbishop Roncalli set to work, preaching love for one another and reaching out not only to the local Catholics but to the Orthodox as well. When Roncalli was appointed apostolic delegate to Turkey and Greece in 1934, he left a far more harmonious scene in his wake, with both Catholic and Orthodox sorry to see him go.
• When Roncalli got to Turkey in 1935, he faced another unfamiliar country, a government hostile to the Church, an Orthodox Church hostile to Catholics and a Catholic community fractured into numerous rites hostile to one another. In 1938 he was able to arrange a visit to Ecumenical Patriarch Benjamin I in Istanbul, which was a historic breakthrough for the times. In Greece, he faced another scattered, impoverished Catholic community. During these years, he also worked to save many Jewish refugees from the Nazis. Again it came as a surprise to him when he was abruptly named nuncio to France in 1944.
• In France, Roncalli faced the extremely situation of navigating a divided episcopacy, some of whom had resisted under Nazi occupation and some of whom had cooperated. Once again, it was his good humor, superb diplomacy and authentic loving concern for all people that empowered him to navigate perilous waters.

The only "cushy" assignment he ever got was what he assumed would be his retirement as Cardinal Patriarch of Venice. Of course God had other plans.

Elected pope on October 28, 1958, Roncalli was once more handed an impossible task: renewing the entire Church and readying it to face the challenges of the modern world. True to form, he immediately set about initiating change that no one would have thought possible in such a short time, announcing an ecumenical council only months after becoming pope and planting seeds of reform on issues including the liturgy, ecumenical and interfaith matters, and the role of the laity.

Also true to form, he was once more called away just as the work began to bear fruit, dying in June of 1963.

"In this life, all symphonies remain unfinished," said the Jesuit theologian Karl Rahner, who played an influential role at the Council. Pope John's life reflects this mystery, that Christians are called to serve God in their daily lives, but more often thatn not, what we start will inevitably end up someone else's concern. John XXIII had the holy serenity to see that the big, final picture was in God's hands alone.

CNS Photo/Catholic Press Photo

Many biographical details for this post were gathered from "A Man Named John," by Alden Hatch, Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1963.

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Don Clemmer is the USCCB's Assistant Director of Media Relations

The Sambi Send-Off

Over 85 U.S. bishops -- including seven cardinals -- gathered at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate conception in Washington today for a memorial Mass for the late Archbishop Pietro Sambi, apostolic nuncio to the United States, who died July 27.

Archbishop Timothy Dolan of New York, president of the USCCB, celebrated the Mass and gave the homily. Upon the nuncio's death, Archbishop Dolan called Archbishop Sambi -- who served as nuncio from December 2005 till his death -- a friend of the Church in the United States. The turnout at today's Mass suggested that a good many people -- bishops and not -- agreed.

The presence of the diplomatic community and other dignitaries, including Vice President Biden, reflected the nature of the work of an apostolic (or papal) nuncio.

Some background:

The apostolic nuncio is the closest thing the Vatican has to a ambassador, except unlike an ambassador, which represents his or her country, a nuncio is the personal representative of the pope. So along with his diplomatic duties, the work of a nuncio involves being the eyes and ears of the pope, making recommendations to Rome for bishop appointments.

In this light, Archbishop Sambi's five-and-a-half-year tenure was greatly influential in shaping the U.S. Catholic hierarchy. Dioceses to receive new leadership on his watch included Washington, Baltimore, New York, Los Angeles and Philadelphia, as well as Seattle, Detroit, Milwaukee, St. Louis, New Orleans, San Antonio, Cincinnati, Louisville, Miami and Pittsburgh. This is quite a footprint.

It's worth noting that Archbishop Sambi's death comes only a few years after the deaths after not one, but two of his predecessors as nuncio to the United States.

On January 10, 2009, Cardinal Pio Laghi, nuncio to the United States from 1980-1990, died in Rome. During his tenure, Laghi established full diplomatic relations between the United States and the Holy See, making him this country's first actual nuncio (his predecessors were called apostolic delegates). After his time as nuncio, Laghi returned to Rome where he was made a cardinal and became Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education. His successor (Cardinal Agostino Cacciavillan, U.S. nuncio from 1990-1998) was also made a cardinal after finishing stint in the United States, and it was widely held that Archbishop Sambi was bound for a Vatican post and a cardinal's hat before his untimely death.

Eleven days after Cardinal Laghi's death, his predecessor, Archbishop Jean Jadot, died at age 99. Jadot served as apostolic delegate to the United States from 1973-1980, and true to form of being the pope's eyes and ears, his nickname was "Paul's Man in Washington."

They are followed all too quickly by Archbishop Sambi.